How Diabetes Affects Your Vision

The American Diabetes Foundation reports that more 23.6 million children and adults in the United States who have diabetes. Another 5.7 million people are undiagnosed and often unaware they suffer from diabetes.

Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. There are two types of diabetes; Type 1- is when the body fails to produce insulin, the hormone that allows cells to turn suage and starch to energy. Type 2- is when the body is resistant or fails to peoperly use the insulin, this is the most common form.

How diabetes effects vision

Nealy 80% of all patients who have had diabetes for 10 years or longer suffer from complications of diabetes mellitus or damage to the retina; also called diabetic retinopathy.  is damage to the blood vessels in the eye caused by diabetes. It is the leading cause of visual loss among American adults aged 20 to 65. Research has indicated at least 90% of new diabetic related cases could be avoided with proper and vigilant treatment and mointoring of the eyes.

Symptoms & Signs

There generally are no early warning signs or pain associated with diabetic retinopathy. Characteristic signs of retinal changes may be seen during examination of the retina. Severe retinopathy may develop prior to noticeable vision loss, with late sudden onset of vision loss with hemorrhage or retinal detachment.

With the symptoms of proliferative retinopathy, if bleeding occurs at first, you will see a few specks of blood, or spots, "floating" in your vision. If spots occur, see your eye care professional as soon as possible. You may need treatment before more serious bleeding occurs. Hemorrhages tend to happen more than once, often during sleep.
Sometimes, without treatment, the spots clear, and you will see better. However, bleeding can reoccur and cause severely blurred vision. You need to be examined by your eye care professional at the first sign of blurred vision, before more bleeding occurs.

If left untreated, proliferative retinopathy can cause severe vision loss and even blindness. Also, the earlier you receive treatment, the more likely treatment will be effective

Cause & Risk of vision damage

Approximately 40 percent of all people with diabetes have at least mild diabetic retinopathy, which affects both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetics. Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of blindness and tends to be particularly severe in Type-1 diabetes.

In general, the longer one has had diabetes, the greater one`s chances of developing diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy generally takes at least eight years to develop in juvenile onset diabetes, but may be present at the time adult onset diabetes is first diagnosed. High blood pressure and high cholesterol in the blood are additional risk factors that your doctor will address.

Diagnosis
Because diabetic retinopathy can begin and get a foothold before it causes symptoms, all patients with diabetes should have an eye examination with pupils dilated at least once a year. Often your doctor will take photographs of your retinas. A dye, called fluorescein, may be injected in the blood stream to show further details of the circulation in the retina. This is called fluorescein angiography.

Diabetic retinopathy has four stages:

1. Mild Nonproliferative Retinopathy. At this earliest stage, micro aneurysms occur. They are small areas of balloon-like swelling in the retina`s tiny blood vessels.

2. Moderate Nonproliferative Retinopathy. As the disease progresses, some blood vessels that nourish the retina are blocked.

3. Severe Nonproliferative Retinopathy. Many more blood vessels are blocked, depriving several areas of the retina with their blood supply. These areas of the retina send signals to the body to grow new blood vessels for nourishment.

4. Proliferative Retinopathy. At this advanced stage, the signals sent by the retina for nourishment trigger the growth of new blood vessels. This condition is called proliferative retinopathy. These new blood vessels are abnormal and fragile. They grow along the retina and along the surface of the clear, vitreous gel that fills the inside of the eye. By themselves, these blood vessels do not cause symptoms or vision loss. However, they have thin, fragile walls. If they leak blood, severe vision loss and even blindness can result.

Treatment

Proper treatment of diabetic retinopathy can cut the risk of vision loss by over half. Treatment before diabetic retinopathy causes severe loss is much more effective than later in the disease. For this reason, early diagnosis is critical in order to prevent visual loss and blindness. Control of diabetes and blood pressure is important; intensive control of blood glucose can delay onset and slow progression of retinopathy.

There are treatments for diabetic retinopathy, which usually include laser surgery or ‘vitrectomy’. It involves removing the cloudy vitreous and replacing it with a salt solution. Because the vitreous is mostly water, you will notice no change between the salt solution and the normal vitreous. Although laser surgery and vitrectomy are very successful, they do not cure diabetic retinopathy. Once you have proliferative retinopathy, you will always be at risk for new bleeding. This means you may need treatment more than once to protect your sight.

Prevention

There are ways to prevent or lessen the risk of eye damage caused by diabetes.
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial proved that careful control of blood glucose levels might prevent the development of diabetic retinopathy.
Regular eye examinations are especially important for children who have had diabetes for 5 years or longer, for adults at the time of diagnosis, for those who have difficulty controlling the level of sugar in their blood, and for diabetic women who are considering becoming pregnant. All of these people are at increased risk for diabetes-related eye problems. To protect your vision get a comprehensive dilated eye exam at least once a year and remember that damage to the vision can occur without symptoms.

Future Risk

In a recent Washington Post article entitled ‘Diabetic Eye Disease Rates Soaring’, the story quotes a study showing the rates for cases of diabetic retinopathy soaring from 5.5 million to nearly 16 million cases by the year 2050.The study gave the following breakdown;

-The number of cases of vision threatening diabetic retinopathy will increase from 1.2 million to 3.4 million.

-Among Americans 65 and older, the number of cases of diabetic retinopathy will rise from 2.5 million to 9.9 million, and the number of cases of vision threatening diabetic retinopathy will increase from 500,000 to 1.9 million.

-Cataract cases among whites and blacks age 40 or older with diabetes will increase 235 percent. Cataract cases among people age 75 and older with diabetes will increase 637 percent for black women and 677 percent for black men. Glaucoma cases among Hispanics age 65 and older with diabetes will increase 12-fold.

Regular eye exams, preventive measures such as a healthy diet and controlled blood glucose, education (understanding how your diabetes affects your vision) may help keep you from being one of those statistics.

For additional information or to schedule an Eye Examination, please contact us at (866) 611-7556.

By: Christopher Cartre

For more click on How Diabetes Affects Your Vision. At Austin County Eye Associates our focus is on you and the best options for your eye vision care.

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Diabetes Testing - Blood Sugar Test as a Diagnostic Tool

A blood sugar test is taken as a diagnostic tool for Diabetes testing.

Diabetes:
Diabetes is a health condition marked by the presence of high levels of blood glucose in the body. In normal circumstances, the blood sugar in our body is absorbed by the cells and converted into energy with the help of the hormone Insulin (produced in the pancreas). Excess blood glucose is absorbed and stored in the liver, again with the stimulation of Insulin; another pancreatic hormone Glucagon helps release the glucose stored in the liver as and when required by the body.

Sometimes, however, the body does not produce Insulin in the required quantity or the cells fail to react to the hormone. So the blood glucose is not converted into energy and is retained as it is.

The retention of blood glucose in high levels in the body can bring on a host of serious health problem. These problems include heart disease , stroke, kidney damage, eye damage, blood circulation problems, nerve damage to the feet and other parts of the body, and impotence.

There are different causes for Diabetes, including hereditary, lifestyle, and age-related factors. Some of the common symptoms are constant fatigue, increased thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, cramps, and blurred vision. If you experience any of these, it is important that you go for diabetes testing.

Diabetes Testing:
A blood sugar test is taken as a diagnostic tool for Diabetes testing. This test is carried out in different ways -

• You may be required to fast for at least 14 hours beforehand.
• You don’t have to fast. Blood samples are taken randomly several times during the course of the day.
• You are given a drink containing high levels of glucose and blood samples are taken and checked at regular intervals for two hours.

Taking the blood sample is a very simple procedure. When you visit the clinic or hospital, they will wrap a tight band about your upper arm to slow the blood circulation and make it easy to find the veins. Once they’ve located a vein, they’ll swab the area with alcohol, inject with a hypodermic needle, and draw out the blood sample. Then the constricting band is removed, a cotton ball held on the injected area to stop the bleeding and then a piece of sticking plaster is applied on it. And that’s it.

But, even the simplest of procedures can have their share of complications. In this case, some people may experience faintness or nausea when confronted with the hypodermic needles or at the sight of blood, or may have an adverse reaction to the oral glucose test. There is a chance - fortunately, not a common one - of the injected point bleeding or bruising or developing an infection. Sometimes multiple injections are required to collect blood samples, and this can be problematic. Talk to your doctor about any special care you need to take if complications arise.

After the blood samples are collected, they undergo analysis in the laboratory. If they happen to have higher levels of blood glucose than normal, this is an indication of Diabetes.

Bear in mind though that the blood sugar tests can be affected by the following -

• What you have eaten or drunk.
• What medications, if any, you are on. Oral contraceptives, some diuretics and corticosteroids can raise blood sugar levels.
• Whether you have recently been ill, injured or undergone a surgery. These can cause fluctuations in blood sugar levels.

Treatment for Diabetes:
Treatment for Diabetes is determined according to whether you have been diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes or Diabetes Mellitus. The main treatment aim, however, in either kind of Diabetes is to control the blood sugar levels and maintain them at the normal range.

Gestational Diabetes is a temporary form of diabetes that occurs in pregnant women - during pregnancy, routine tests are carried out to check for this form pf Diabetes. Gestational Diabetes usually goes away after the birth of the baby and the mother shows no more symptoms of Diabetes, but it needs to be monitored carefully during the pregnancy.

The more serious and long-term form of Diabetes is Diabetes Mellitus, which again has two forms, Type 1 Diabetes (which occurs when the body cannot produce any Insulin) and Type 2 Diabetes (which occurs when the Insulin produced in the body is either not enough or not effective). Diabetes Mellitus cannot be cured, but it can be controlled with medication, diet and exercise, and the patient can lead a sufficiently normal life.

Diabetes treatment can include -

• Eating a low fat, low salt, and high carbohydrate diet.
• Avoiding sugar and sugary food and drinks.
• Taking regular exercise.
• Taking insulin injections and any other required medications.
• Regularly checking blood sugar levels with glucose test strips.

By Sonal Panse

Technorati Tags: causes for diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, diabetes testing, diabetes treatment, diagnostic tool for Diabetes testing, indication of diabetes, temporary form of diabetes, treatment for diabetes

Diabetes and Blood Sugar

Diabetes is one of the major causes of premature death worldwide. Every 10 seconds a person dies from diabetes-related causes. Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Insulin helps glucose (sugar) leave the blood and go into the body’s cells. Diabetes is a disability when it substantially limits one or more of a person’s major life activities. Major life activities are basic activities that an average person can perform with little or no difficulty, such as eating or caring for oneself.

Diabetes is a serious disease, which, if not controlled, can be life threatening. It is often associated with long-term complications that can affect every system and part of the body. Diabetes is a major risk factor for heart disease-in fact, two-thirds of people with diabetes die of some form of heart or blood vessel disease. Diabetes is the most rapidly growing chronic disease of our time. It has become an epidemic that affects one out of every 12 adult New Yorkers.

Diabetes is also an important factor in accelerating the hardening and narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis ), leading to strokes, coronary heart disease, and other large blood vessel diseases. This is referred to as macrovascular disease . Diabetes is a disease in which blood glucose levels are above normal. Most of the food we eat is turned into glucose, or sugar, for our bodies to use for energy. Diabetes is a condition in which sufficient amounts of insulin are either not produced, or the body is unable to use the insulin that is produced. Diabetes can be defined as a metabolic disorder, because the disease affects the way the body metabolizes, or uses, digested food to make glucose, the main source of fuel for the body.

Diabetes is a serious disease which can lead to heart problems, strokes, loss of limbs due to poor circulation, and death. Research continues to indicate that regular exercise and a healthy diet are two factors which can help people avoid diabetes, as well as allow diabetics to have functional lives. Diabetes is emerging from the shadows because the United Nations led the global response and declared a Resolution on diabetes. Diabetes is on the rise. It has increased more than 40% in five years and more than 5 million Americans are undiagnosed.

The Diabetes Symptoms And Proper Treatment

If diabetes is not treated properly it can become a life-threatening disease. Therefore, it is tremendously important that diabetes symptoms be recognized. Diabetes has to do with insulin. It is a hormone that the pancreas produces and it’s fuction is to control blood sugar levels. Diabetes symptoms may occur any time there a elevated sugar levels in the blood. Causes of diabetes are the body’s inablitly to use insulin or the body having too little insulin. Sometimes both.

Common Diabetes Symptoms

Diabetes symptoms for Type 2 Diabetes that are seen the most are fatigue, blurred vision, increased appetite and thirst, impotence in males, wounds that heal slowly and increased frequency in urination. If you experience any of these symptom you may want to perform a "fasting blood sugar test". If your results are between 100 and 126 mg/dL your chances of developing Type 2 diabetes are considrered to be high risk.

Managing Your Diabetes Symptoms

Watching for symptoms and controlling your blood glucose levels should be your most important goal. This will enable you to take the appropriate steps to eradicate symptoms since there is no cure for diabetes. This will enable you to live a longer life and put an end to the long-term health risks such as heart disease and kidney failure. Talking with your doctor is recommended because knowledge is power. The more able you are to recognize the symptoms caused by adult diabetes, the effects this disease has and the treatment of those symptoms the more able you are to take control and to make the necessary adjustments to your lifestyle to improve your health and prolong

Diabetes is the major cause of kidney failure, limb amputation, and vision loss in American adults. Diabetes at least doubles the risk of heart disease. Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness and kidney failure among adults. It causes mild to severe nerve damage that, coupled with diabetes-related circulation problems, often leads to the loss of a leg or foot.

Diabetes is a disease that prevents your body from properly using the energy from the food you eat. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas, an organ behind your stomach, produces little insulin or no insulin at all or when the pancreas makes insulin but the insulin does not work as it should. Diabetes is derived from the Greek verb diabainein, which means to stand with legs apart, as in urination. Diabetes mellitus means, literally, honey-sweet urine (back when doctors would sometimes actually taste people’s urine to make a diagnosis). Diabetes is a disease in which blood glucose levels are above normal. Most of the food we eat is turned into glucose, or sugar, for our bodies to use for energy.

Diabetes is the most frequently reported cause of kidney failure in the United States. In 1990, it was the underlying cause of kidney failure in 34 percent of patients starting treatment for end stage renal disease (ESRD). Diabetes is a sickness that can entail a lot of work and money to conquer. But with the help of diabetic organizations, it becomes doing it becomes easier. Diabetes is a disorder of the body’s metabolism, the process of converting the food we eat into energy. Insulin is the major factor in this process, which begins when food is broken down during digestion to create glucose, the main source of fuel for the body.

Diabetes is the fifth deadliest disease in the United States. However, studies indicate that diabetes is generally under-reported on death certificates, particularly in the cases of older persons with multiple chronic conditions such as heart disease and hypertension. Diabetes is the name of the condition where the blood sugar level consistently runs too high. Diabetes is the most common endocrine disorder. Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. A metabolic disorder, diabetes affects the way the body uses digested food for growth and energy.

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Diabetes Information - Symptoms, Types, Causes and Treatment

There are foods that are pure sugar or contain a lot it, which can cause the sugar level in our blood. When this sugar level increase, we may suffer diabetes and other ailments.

Sugar is part of a whole slew of meals. The carbohydrates that we eat are later on converted into sugar or glucose while it undergoes the processes inside our body. These sugars are what we use for energy. However, there are really foods that are pure sugar or contain a lot it, which can cause the sugar level in our blood. When this sugar level increase, we may suffer diabetes and other ailments.

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a disease resulting from the increase of blood sugar level above its normal values. The sugars in the blood are supposed to be transported to the cells of the body. But if a person has diabetes, the sugar build up in the blood. The build up of sugar is caused one of the following reasons: either the pancreas is not producing enough hormones called insulin that helps the glucose get into the cells or the body can not make use of the insulin as it is supposed to be.

Diabetes is a disease that exists not only on its own but could trigger a lot of complications and other diseases to surface. These diabetes complications include heart disease, blindness, kidney failure and amputations. It has become one of the major causes of death all over the world.

Symptoms of Diabetes

Like any other sickness, diabetes surface symptoms that should be monitored. These are physically manifested symptoms that could easily diagnosed so if anyone is suffering from the following, seeing a physician is recommended. Diabetes have the following signs: extreme hunger and thirst, excessive drying of the skin, unexplained weight loss, frequent urination, slow healing sores, tingling or numbness of hands or feet, sudden vision blurredness. When the diabetes is insulin-dependent, other symptoms include nausea, vomiting or stomach pains.

Types of Diabetes

There are three kinds of diabetes that could be developed to specific age range or condition of people. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or the type 1 diabetes is commonly developed among children while non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or the type 2 diabetes is developed among adults. There is also the kind of diabetes that only pregnant women can acquire. The gestational diabetes, though, is not permanent because it disappears as soon as the pregnancy is over; however, if it is not treated it can cause a threat to both the mother and the baby. Type 2 diabetes is affected by old age, obesity, family history of the ailment, history of gestational diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, lack of physical activities and race or ethnicity.

Causes of Diabetes

Though researchers have found out what are the things that causes the acquisition of diabetes, the determination of the exact causes of the disease is yet to be discovered. They say that the causes of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are different. Type 1 seemed to be developed from environmental triggers like unidentified virus that attacks the pancreas and causes it to malfunction in producing insulin. Type 2 diabetes on the other hand is closely associated with being obese and regular physical activities can help prevent the development of which.

Therapies and Treatment for Diabetes

When a person has developed type 1 diabetes, his or her blood glucose levels should be closely monitored through regular glucose tests. Since most food intake contains sugar or substances that will later on be converted to sugar, it is necessary that the food to be eaten is also monitored or measured. Healthy diet, exercise and insulin injections are the basic treatments for type 1 diabetes. However, the insulin should be balanced with metabolism of the body in terms of physical activities and food intake. Treatment for type 2 diabetes is almost the same with that of type 1. Blood glucose should also be closely monitored; however, some people are required to take some oral medications to avoid blood sugar to increase beyond normal parameters. Since this type of diabetes is not insulin-dependent, insulin injections are not required.

Dr John Anne is an herbal specialist with years of experience in the field of Natural Health care. Read about Diabetes Natural Treatments at http://www.diabetesmellitus-information.com

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Diabetes Mellitus - An Introduction To This Common Chronic Disease

As diabetes continues to grow at an alarming rate, affecting millions of people around the world, this article provides an overview of this often serious and chronic condition.

Diabetes has been known for centuries, although it has not been fully understood, and the disease takes its name from the Greek for "passing through" because of one of its main symptoms - excessive urine production. During the fifteenth century the word Mellitus was from the Latin for "honey" when it was noted that many patients with diabetes had high levels of sugar in their blood and urine.

Diabetes mellitus, which is simply referred to as diabetes these days, is a metabolic disorder which in particular affects the metabolism of carbohydrates. The condition requires medical treatment and, more often than not, a number of lifestyle changes.

To function properly the human body requires a source of energy and derives this from the food that we eat. A normal diet comprises of a mixture of carbohydrates, proteins and fats with carbohydrates accounting for up to three-quarters of this mix. There are a wide variety of high carbohydrate (sometimes referred to as high starch) foods and these include bread, bran, cereal, beans, rice and pasta.

Food is broken down by the digestive process into a variety of organic compounds and one of these, which forms the body’s prime source of energy, is glucose. Glucose is then carried to various parts of the body by the blood and is transferred to the cells of the body to fuel both cell growth and cell repair.

An essential element in the transfer process is the presence of insulin in the bloodstream. Insulin is produced by specialized cells (known as beta-cells) which are located in an area of the pancreas called the Islets of Langerhans.

Diabetes sufferers fall into two broad categories - those with type 1 diabetes (formerly known as "juvenile" or "childhood" diabetes) and those with type 2 (or adult) diabetes. There is also said to be a third form of diabetes known as type 3 or gestational diabetes but, despite the fact that there are a few differences, this is basically nothing more than type 2 diabetes which occurs during, and because of, pregnancy.

In type 1 diabetes sufferers develop a problem with the insulin producing beta-cells of the pancreas and are unable to produce sufficient insulin to transfer glucose from the bloodstream to the cells of the body. This means that it is necessary to closely monitor levels in the blood and to administer insulin so that glucose can be transferred and the glucose levels in the blood returned to normal.

In type 2 diabetes the body usually continues to produce insulin normally but the body’s cells develop a resistant to it and insulin levels begin to increase in the blood. In the early stages of type 2 diabetes this can often be counteracted by reducing the intake of glucose producing carbohydrates, exercising and losing weight, particularly when weight loss is aimed at removing fat from the area of the abdomen. If this approach does not do the trick then the condition can usually be controlled through the use of medication.

There is currently no cure for either type 1 or type 2 diabetes and, while treatment can usually reduce the symptoms of both considerably, most sufferers will require ongoing treatment throughout life.

For more information on all aspects of diabetes including the cause of diabetes and diabetes treatment, please click here

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Technorati Tags: aspects of diabetes, cause of diabetes, diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes sufferers, diabetes treatment, Gestational Diabetes, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes